USMLE (United States Medical Licensing Examination) Step 1 Practice Exam

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Prepare for the USMLE Step 1 Exam with comprehensive quizzes targeting essential medical concepts. Enhance your knowledge and confidence through diverse question types that simulate the examination environment. Ace your licensing exam and advance your medical career!

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Which condition is characterized by decreased FEV1/FVC ratio and expiratory wheezing?

Asthma
Pulmonary infarction
Caplan syndrome
Perfusion-limited gas exchange

The correct answer is: Asthma

Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio and expiratory wheezing are characteristic of asthma, which is a chronic respiratory condition caused by inflammation of the airways. This leads to a narrowing of the airways and difficulty breathing, resulting in a decreased FEV1/FVC ratio. Pulmonary infarction, or a blockage in the blood vessels of the lungs, would not present with wheezing. Caplan syndrome, an autoimmune disease affecting the lungs, would not typically present with a decreased FEV1/FVC ratio. Perfusion-limited gas exchange, a condition where the transfer of gases in the lungs is limited, would also not result in expiratory wheezing. Therefore, the most appropriate answer is asthma.