USMLE (United States Medical Licensing Examination) Step 1 Practice Exam

What physiological effect does increased temperature in Sertoli cells have?

1. Decreased testosterone production

2. Increased sperm production

3. Increased inhibin production

4. Decreased sperm production and inhibin production

The correct answer is: Decreased sperm production and inhibin production

In the context of the physiology of the reproductive system, Sertoli cells play a crucial role in supporting and nurturing developing sperm cells within the seminiferous tubules of the testes. An increase in temperature, particularly in the scrotal area where the testes are located, adversely affects the overall function of Sertoli cells. Sertoli cells are sensitive to temperature changes, and increased temperature can lead to decreased sperm production. This is primarily due to the negative effects on spermatogenesis, which is the process where spermatogonia develop into mature spermatozoa. Elevated temperatures can disrupt the normal embryological development of sperm cells and can cause the apoptosis of germ cells, ultimately leading to a reduction in the quantity and quality of sperm produced. Additionally, increased temperature can negatively impact Sertoli cell function related to the production of inhibin, a hormone that regulates the feedback of FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) from the pituitary gland. Overall, when the temperature rises, both sperm production and the secretion of inhibin diminish due to the unfavorable environment for Sertoli cell activity and spermatogenesis. Therefore, when temperature increases significantly, the physiological response is a decrease in both sperm production and inhibin production, aligning with the